Sejarah Gamelan Gong Kebyar di Banjar Tegal Kuwalon Sumerta
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Sejarah Gamelan Gong Kebyar di Banjar Tegal Kuwalon
Desa adat Sumerta – Denpasar
Setiap Gamelan pada masing-masing daerah di Bali pasti memiliki yang namanya sejarah. Sejarah inilah yang kemudian menunjukan perjalanan-perjalanan dari belum ada sampai menjadi adanya sebuah gamelan pada daerah tersebut. Selain dari pada itu, sejarah gamelan membuat kita tahu dan ingat akan pengorbanan demi pengorbanan yang dilakukan oleh panglingsir (orang tua kita dulu) yang sekarang sudah menjadi leluhur. Maka dari itu saya mengangkat tema tentang Sejarah Gamelan Gong Kebyar di banjar tempat saya tinggal, yaitu di Banjar Tegal Kuwalon, Sumerta – Denpasar. Penulisan sejarah singkat gamelan gong kebyar di banjar Tegal Kuwalon didapat berdasarkan informasi dari sesepuh dan pemuka masyarakat yang dapat memberikan keterangan tentang keberadaan Gamelan Gong Kebyar tersebut.
Dulu kehidupan masyarakat di Banjar Tegal Kuwalon bergerak pada sektor pertanian(agraris), sebagian besar masyarakatnya mencari nafkah dengan bekerja/bercocok tanam disawah menanam padi dan berbagai hasil panen lainnya atau dalam istilah balinya dikenal dengan nama “manyi”. Pada saat beercocok tanam di sawah, ada sekelompok orang atau dulu dikenal dengan seke demen yang terdiri dai 43 orang. Kelompok atau seke ini sangat senang bekerja disawah sambil bersenda-gurau dan bernyanyi-nyanyi satu sama lainnya untuk mengurangi dan menghilangkan rasa lelahnya. Dalam gurauan-gurauan inilah suatu ketika timbulah ide yang iseng dan mendadak dari seseorang pada seke tersebut ingin memiliki satu barung Gamelan Gong Kebyar. Beliau adalah Alm.Bapak I Nyoman Pugra. Dari ide yang iseng itu, disetiap saat ada pertemuan dengan teman-temannya baik disawah maupun di Bale Banjar, beliau selalu melontarkan kata-kata bahwa ingin memiliki satu barung Gamelan Gong Kebyar. Mendengar ide tersebut teman-teman/seke demen beliau pun ternyata terketuk juga hatinya dan ingin pula bisa memiliki satu barungan gamelan tersebut.
Setelah lama-kelamaan cerita itu menyambung dari mulut-kemulut maka pada tahun 1948 seke demen itu merencanakan secara pasti membuat satu barung Gamelan Gong Kebyar. Lalu pada tahun 1949 awal bulan januari Bapak I Nyoman Pugra yang menjadi pelopor pada saat itu, bersama teman-temannya mulai mencari bahan-bahan yang diperlukan untuk membuat gamelan tersebut. Pada waktu itu I Nyoman Pugra merupakan penari arja dan topeng yang sangat terkenal di Badung. Beliau pun bergabung dengan tokoh topeng yang ada di Denpasar seperti : Guru Nyarikan Sariada dan Ida Bagus Boda. Suatu saat seke topeng tersebut diminta agar menari di daerah Badung selatan tepatnya di daerah Tanjung Benoa. Setelah menari I Nyoman Pugra bertemu dengan tokoh masyarakat disana, dimana keinginan untuk mendapatkan bahan gamelan dari besi terbesit dibenaknya. Oleh masyarakat disana lalu diberikan jalan untuk mendapatkan sarana yang dimaksud. Beberapa tahun kemudian I Nyoman Pugra ke Desa Tanjung Benoa, lalu ditemukan sarana besi yang dimaksud. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembicaraan dengan orang yang berkompeten tentang keberadaan besi itu. Setelah melakukan pembicaraan, Bapak I Nyoman Pugra pun diijinkan mengambil besi dari dalam kapal pada perang tahun 1942-1945 yang terdampar dipinggiran Desa Tanjung Benoa. Akan tetapi orang Benoa tersebut hanya meginginkan satu hal kepada Bapak I Nyoman Pugra, yaitu menginginkan agar anaknya diajarkan menari Baris oleh Bapak Pugra. Bapak I Nyoman Pugra pun dengan senang hati menyanggupi keinginan orang itu, dan kedua orang ini pun sepakat. Maka dari itu seke demen yang dipelopori oleh Bapak Nyoman Pugra pun mendapatkan besi tersebut.
Suatu saat yang baik, 18 orang dari seke tersebut berangkat menuju Tanjung Benoa dengan berjalan kaki mencari besi-besi tersebut hanya bermodalkan sebuah gerobak untuk mengangkut besi. Saking semangatnya ingin memiliki gamelan, 18 orang itu pun tidak mengenal lelah berjalan kaki yang menghabiskan waktu berhari-hari menuju Tanjung Benoa. Karena pekerjaan ini membutuhkan waktu yang lama, agar tidak pulang pergi 18 orang itu menginap disana di rumah Bapak Tikul. Entah berapa lama pengambilan besi, akhirnya 18 orang tersebut sampai di Denpasar. Besi-besi pun di simpan di Bale Banjar untuk sementara waktu. Setelah besi terkumpul maka diperlukan pelawah kayu untuk pelawah gamelan. Kembali lagi pada saat itu Bapak Pugra menjadi orang yang berjasa dengan memberikan kayu miliknya untuk dijadikan pelawah gamelan. Kayu tersebut merupakan kayu sandat bali.
Pada tahun 1951 seke demen tersebut mencari pande untuk merubah besi-besi tersebut menjadi bilahan gamelan. Mereka pun mencari Bapak Pande Lengker ( krepek ) dan Bapak Pande Bapan Pait dari Tega, Tonja untuk membuat bilahan gamelan tersebut. Para Pande itu pun bersedia dan memande di Bale Banjar Tegal Kuwalon dengan mengajak 3 anak buahnya. Seke tersebut hanya menyediakan nasi untuk pande tersebut. Tak lama kemudian tahun 1951 bilahan gamelan itu pun sudah jadi. Oleh karena persahabatan yang begitu erat antara pande dengan seke tersebut, pande itu pun tidak meminta imbalan dan uang sepeser pun pada seke tersebut terhadap jerih payah yang mereka telah lakukan berhari-hari membuat bilahan tersebut. Seke demen itu pun hanya bisa mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya atas bantuan yang telah diberikan pande tersebut. Tahun 1952 gamelan itu pun sudah jadi dan disambut dengan suka cita seke demen Bapak Pugra. Adapun instrumen yang ada pada gamelan gong kebyar besi tersebut yaitu : 4 tungguh gangsa, 4 tungguh kantil, 1 buah kajar, 2 buah jublag, 2 buah jegog, 1 tungguh reong, 1 pasang kendang, dan 1 buah gong. Akan tetapi gong dari barungan gamelan tersebut tidak seperti gong yang biasa kita lihat ( berpencon ), melainkan berupa gong pulu yang menggunakan guci sebagai resonatornya. Setiap malam diadakan latihan menabuh. Sampai-sampai seke demen tersebut pernah menabuh di Kantor RRI dengan gong kebyar besinya. Pada tahun 1952, karena gamelan ini milik seke demen Bapak Pugra, maka oleh mereka gamelan tersebut di serahkan ke banjar untuk keperluan upacara maupun hal-hal yang lainnya. Kemudian dibuatkan banten serta dibuatkan paceket(aturan-aturan). Paceket tersebut mengatakan bahwa, setiap anggota masyarakat yang sudah masuk dalam banjar wajib ikut serta dalam seke gong. Paceket itu dicetuskan karena semua anggota Banjar Tegal Kuwalon suatu saat pasti akan memerlukan gamelan tersebut untuk kebutuhan upacara.
Dalam perjalanan selanjutnya memasuki dekade tahun 50-an tepatnya pada tahun 1952 kembali ada keinginan untuk mempunyai Gong Kebyar dari kerawang. Untuk mewujudkan cita-cita yang luhur ini masyarakat pendukung berusaha mengumpulkan dana dari usaha bercocok tanam disawah yaitu, bergotong-royong memanen padi ( bahasa bali = manyi ). Dimana pada saat itu setiap KK diharapkan mengumpulkan 10 ikat padi untuk dijual. Masyarakat pun semangat bekerja demi keinginan tersebut. Mendengar hal tersebut masyarakat Banjar Peken, Sumerta juga ikut serta membantu Banjar Tegal Kuwalon dengan memberikan beberapa hasil panennya secara cuma-cuma. Dari hasil itu, atas anugrah Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa terkumpulah uang/dana untuk membeli gamelan. Kemudian membeli bilahan kerawang di Pande Klungkung tepatnya di Desa Tiyingan. Nama pande yang membuat gamelan tersebut adalah Alm. Jro Pande Amyeg. Harga 1 bilahan gamelan pada waktu itu yaitu 100 rupiah. Sedangkan untuk yang berpencon harganya 1500 rupiah. Untuk kayu pelawah gamelan, Alm. Odah Tamped dan Ida dari Griya Tegeh yang memberikan secara cuma-cuma kayu ketewel(nangka). Lalu membeli kendang di Belaluan seharga 1500 rupiah dan membeli Gong di Banjar Lebah yaitu pada Bapak Pan Matram ( Gong seharga 1500 rupiah, kempur seharga 1000 rupiah ). Pada tahun 1956 barulah terwujud satu barung Gamelan Gong Kebyar dari kerawang, dengan pelawah yang tidak diukir. Singkat kata, akhirnya masyarakat Banjar Tegal Kuwalon memiliki satu barung Gamelan Gong Kebyar kerawang dan kemudian dipelaspas dibanjar. Ada pun instrumen yang ada pada waktu itu : 1 tungguh terompong, 4 tungguh gangsa, 4 tungguh kantil, 1 tungguh ugal, 1 buah kajar, 1 buah kempli, 1 tungguh reong, 2 tungguh jublag, 2 tungguh jegog, 1 buah kecek, 1 buah kempur, dan 2 buah gong. Sedangkan Gamelan Gong Kebyar dari besi itu kemudian disimpan dengan baik sampai sekarang. Dengan Gong Kerawang itu Seke Gong sampai pernah menabuh ke Desa Yang Batu, dan sering juga megambel ke luar desa. Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman karena barungan Gamelan Gong Kebyar ini belum lengkap, maka ditambahkan lah instrumen-instrumen lain, sepeti : 2 tungguh penyacah, 2 tungguh gender rambat, 1 tungguh ugal, dan 1 buah bende. Sehingga sekarang barungan Gamelan Gong Kebyar di Banjar Tegal Kuwalon pun lengkap dan sampai sekarang dirawat dengan baik oleh masyarakatnya.
Sekian sekilas gambaran dari sejarah keberadaan Gamelan Gong Kebyar di Banjar Tegal Kuwalon desa adat Sumerta.
Narasumber :
1) I Nyoman Lotra
2) Drs. I Wayan Butuantara, M.Si
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